PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Beyond Traditional Areas of Practice

    Community Empowerment
    Political Advocacy
    Peace Building
    Counseling Survivors of Atrocities
    Traffic/Transportation Psychology
    
Professional Regulation - Purposes

    Protect the Public
    Enhanced Credibility
    Mobility

    Canada - CPA

        Mutual Recognition Agreement
        Master’s – Doctorate Controversy

    Europe - EFPA

        European Diploma
        Quality and Mobility

    Political Determinants

        China and Spain
        Germany and South Africa
        Turkey

Ethics Codes

    Aspirational Principles – Moral
    Enforceable Standards – Do No Harm

    Guide the Conduct Psychologists
        
        Teaching
        Research
        Practice

    Variation in Content and Usefulness

        Inuit Qaujimanituqangit and the Canadian Code

Rationale for Universal Principles
    
    Provide a Universal Standard
    Guide National Psychology Associations
    Development and Revision of Ethics Codes
    Evaluate Ethical Progress of Psychology

Method for Developing Universal Principles

    Ethical Principles Shared by Different Psychology Ethics Codes

        Comparison of 8 Codes
    
            Aotearoa / New Zealand
            APA
            Australia
            Canada
            EFPA
            Ireland
            Mexico
            Nordic Consortium
    
        Extraction of Common Principles

    Ethical Principles Shared across Domains
        
        Universal Declaration of Human Rights

        Ethics Codes of Different Disciplines

            From Medicine to Martial Arts

        Extraction of Common Principles

Framework for the Universal Principles

    Individual and Communal Foci

    Respect the Dignity of All Human Beings

        Recognize Dignity and Worth
        Recognize Diversity
        Respect Customs and Beliefs of Cultures
        Uphold Free and Informed Consent
        Uphold Privacy
        Uphold Confidentiality
        Uphold Fairness and Justice
    
    Competent Caring for the Well-being of Others

        Demonstrate Concern for Well-being
        Do No Harm
        Maximize Benefits
        Correct Harmful Effects
        Maintain / Develop Competence
        Value Self-knowledge
        Recognize Ability of Others To Care for Themselves / Each Other

    Integrity

        Value Truthfulness
        Avoid Incomplete Disclosure
        Maximize Impartiality / Minimize Biases
        Do Not Exploit
        Avoid Conflict of Interest

    Professional and Scientific Responsibilities to Society

        Increase Knowledge in Ways that Promote the Well-being of Society
        Ensure that Psychological Knowledge is Used for Beneficial Purposes
        Uphold the Discipline’s Responsibility To Conduct its Affairs in Ways that Promote the Well-being of Society
        Ensure that Members Are Adequately Trained
        Uphold the Discipline’s Responsibility To Develop its Ethical Awareness
        
DISCUSSION:

➢    Ethics codes should accommodate indigenous values and be sensitive to cultural differences.  Do the Universal Principles accomplish this?

➢    Many of the ethics codes that were compared were North American and European in origin.  North American and European culture emphasizes individualism over family, community, and the collective good.  To what extent do the Universal Principles favor the individual over society?