Although war and peace are the central themes of this book series, this chapter focuses on terrorism because of its greater relevance to Peru’s unique history and current challenges as a nation.  In addition, although Peru has engaged its neighbors in wars, we believe that its recent experience with domestic terrorism is more likely to have influenced Peruvians’ views toward war and peace.  In many ways, domestic terrorism in Peru may be viewed as both a cause and an effect that influences and is influenced by various contexts in complex ways.  Consequently, our purpose is to articulate dynamic processes within systems through an ecological framework.  We have structured this chapter into five sections: terrorism, the historical context, the national context, the local context, and lay definitions of war, peace, and terrorism.  Thus, we move from broad to narrow descriptions of conditions and forces that set the stage for understanding the contemporary and personal views of Peruvian students toward war, peace, and terrorism.  We examine each ecological level separately and together in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the struggles that the Peruvian people have endured.