Raymond M. Bergner's webpage

Basic objectives of this class are the following: (1) that the student understand what psychopathology (aka "mental disorder", "abnormality", "mental illness") is; (2) that the student become familiar with the most common forms of psychopathology in this society (e.g., depression, alcoholism, anxiety disorders, and sexual disorders); (c) that the student acquire knowledge of various theoretical explanations of these pathologies (and in the bargain acquire many useful forms of explanation that apply to human behavior and emotions in general); and (d) that the student be able to take an intelligent critical approach as a citizen and as a consumer to the many claims put forth in the media regarding mental disorders and psychotherapies (e.g., the implicit or explicit claim in TV ads and popular programs that mental disorders are totally biologically based conditions, and that all you need is medication to treat them adequately).

TEXT AND READINGS:

1. Comer, R. (2015). Abnormal Psychology (9th Ed.). New York: Worth.

2. Selected readings available on eReserve from Milner Library. These are

listed below under specific topics. (Directions: Go to ISU web site.

In lower left corner, click on “Milner Library”. Click on “Course reserves”,

then on “Find a reserve”. Go to my name on menu and click, and that will

take you to readings.)

EXAMS:

There are 4 EXAMINATIONS in this class, 3 midterms plus a comprehensive final.

Test dates are as follows:

MIDTERM #1: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28

MIDTERM #2: WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 2

MIDTERM #3: WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30

FINAL EXAM: TO BE ANNOUNCED

All REGULAR EXAMS will be objective in nature.

STUDY GUIDES are available at the end of this syllabus to assist you in targeting the most important materials to know. It is essential to your success in this class that you be able to answer these questions. However, be aware that these study guides do not cover every single item on the test, so it is important that you study all of the lecture materials and read the entire chapters (except where noted in this syllabus) in the book. With respect to textbook materials, you should focus on the larger ideas, concepts, and studies featured in the book. Summaries at the end of each chapter can be helpful in targeting the most important content. You will not be called upon to memorize small details other than the few contained in study guide questions.

All MAKE-UP EXAMS will be ESSAY / SHORT ANSWER in nature and will take place on the MONDAY FOLLOWING THE REGULAR EXAM. Be aware that, although they cover the same material, essay exams are intrinsically more difficult, so prepare accordingly. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO CONTACT ME TO SCHEDULE A MAKE-UP EXAM. Anyone failing to take either the regularly scheduled or make-up exam at the regular time will incur a late penalty of 5% per weekday taken off of your test grade.

SPECIAL ACCOMMODATIONS: If, due to a disability (e.g., a physical handicap or learning disability), you need special accommodations for test taking or other needs, please contact Disability Concerns at 350 Fell Hall, 438-5853 (voice), 438-8620 (TTY).

CHEATING POLICY: Anyone caught cheating on an examination will receive a grade of 0% on that examination. Anyone caught cheating a second time will be subject to more severe sanctions, up to and including expulsion from the university.

SEQUENCE OF COURSE TOPICS:

NOTE: Sections specified below are only intended to help those who read along as we go. Tests cover the entire chapters except where specified;

PART 1 TOPICS:

1. What is "abnormal?" What is “normal?” What is “positive mental health"?

Reading: Bergner, R. (1993). Psychopathology and psychotherapy

from a Descriptive Psychological point of view. In R. Bergner,

(Ed.), Studies in Psychopathology (pp. 3-8). Ann Arbor, MI:

Descriptive Psychology Press. (Available on eReserve at Milner)

2. Anxiety disorders: phobias

Reading: Text, chapter 5, section on phobia.

3. Anxiety disorders: post-traumatic stress disorder

Reading: Text, chapter 6, section on PTSD.

(Note: read only this section of Chapter 6 for test #1)

4. Anxiety disorders: panic disorder

Reading: Text, chapter 5, section on panic disorder.

5. Anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder

Reading: Text, chapter 5, section on GAD.

6. Anxiety disorders: obsessive-compulsive disorder

Reading: Text, chapter 5, section on OCD.

7. Dissociative identity disorder (aka "multiple personality disorder")

Reading: Text, chapter 6, section on DID.

PART 2 TOPICS:

1. Conversion disorder.

Reading: Text, chapter 10, section on conversion.

2. Psychophysiological (aka "psychosomatic") disorders

Reading: Text, chapter 10 (except section on PTSD).

(Note: read all of Chapter 6 except PTSD part for test #2)

3. Prolonged grief disorder.

Readings: no reading.

4. Depression.

Readings: Text, chapter 7, section on unipolar depression;

chapter 8, section on treating unipolar depression.

5. Bipolar disorder (aka manic depressive disorder).

Readings: Text, chapters 7 and 8, sections on bipolar disorder.

6. Suicide.

Readings: Text, chapter 9.

7. Schizophrenia.

Readings: Text, chapters 14 and 15.

PART 3 TOPICS:

1. Sexual dysfunctions.

Readings:

Text, chapter 13, sections on sexual dysfunctions & treatment.

Bergner, R., & Bergner, L. (1990). "Sexual misunderstanding."

Psychotherapy, 27, 464-467. (Available at Milner eReserve).

2. Paraphilias (aka “sexual perversions” or “deviant sexuality”).

Readings: Text, chapter 13, section on paraphilia.

3. Substance abuse disorders.

Readings: Text, chapter 12.

(Note: for Chap 12, read only introductory part and part on alcoholism for test #3)

4. Personality disorders: narcissistic personality disorder.

Readings: Text, chapter 16, section on narcissistic personality disorder.

5. Personality disorders: antisocial (aka “psychopaths”).

Readings: Text, chapter 16, section on antisocial personality.

PART 4 TOPICS:

Depending on time left, we may cover one or more of the following

topics in final class periods:

1. Eating disorders: bulimia (no new reading to allow time for finals prep)

2. Self-esteem problems (no new readings to allow time for finals prep)

FINAL EXAM IS COMPREHENSIVE in nature: COVERS LECTURE

MATERIALS ONLY for entire course, including the lectures from

the class sessions following test #3. There are no new readings

for this period so that students will have additional time to review for final.

EXTRA CREDIT:

Extra credit worth a total of 5% of your final grade (basically, one half of a grade level) may be obtained in this course. 3% of this extra credit may be obtained for ATTENDANCE on certain days. These days, 6 altogether, will not be announced in advance. Each of the days that a student is present will result in an increase of 0.5% (or 2 points) to the student's final overall average. This is to provide a reward for the effort of those students who attend class regularly.

A further 2% extra credit may be obtained by PARTICIPATING IN EXPERIMENTS. Instructions for how to become involved in this will be forwarded to you by email; look for a Power Point document entitled "SONA RESEARCH SIGN-UP. Each hour of experimental credit will get you a 1% (or 4 point) increase on your final grade; for example, if your final average for all tests was 78%, 2 hours of experimental credit would increase this to 80% (limit: 2 hours credit for 2%).

DETERMINATION OF FINAL GRADE.

Your final grade will be determined in the following way:

Each exam: 100 points. Total = 400 points

Grades on each exam will be curved, so it is not possible at this time to state how many points will be needed at the end for an A (B, C, etc.).

Thus, a total of 400 points can be attained from the tests. At the end of the course, extra credit points will be added to the points that you earn on your 4 tests to determine your final grade. For example, if you got a total of 340 points on the 4 tests, this would be 85% of the total points possible from the tests. If you then had gotten all of the extra credit points, this would be worth a 20 point (or 5% ) increase, and your final average for the course would be 90% (360 points).

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STUDY GUIDES FOR TEST #1

LECTURE PART

1. According to behavioral definitions of psychopathology (aka "mental disorder"), this term refers

to a certain kind of behavior (e.g., deviant or maladaptive behavior). What position was

taken in lecture regarding such definitions? What specific arguments were raised in favor

of or against this kind of definition?

2. What is a disability/dysfunction definition of psychopathology?

What is the difference between this and a behavioral definition?

3. How does Ossorio define psychopathology? Be sure you know what the definition means.

4. According to Ossorio’s definition, if you knew that Jill was starving herself, should

you conclude on this basis that she has a psychopathological condition (mental

disorder)? Why or why not?

5. According to Ossorio, (a) what is "normality" and (b) what is "positive mental health?"

6. What is a phobia? What are some typical kinds of phobia?

7. What is the behavioral explanation of phobias? What causes them in the first place

and what causes them to persist?

8. Does the behavioral explanation explain everything about Hilda's snow phobia? What

does it explain? What, if anything, doesn't it explain?

9. What are the two psychoanalytic explanations of phobias? These may be termed the

"really afraid of something else" and the "disguised, partial eruption" explanations.

What is each of these explanations saying?

10. What explanation was offered in class for the delayed onset of many phobias?

11. What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? What are its symptoms?

12. What explanation was offered in class for each of these PTSD symptoms:

(a) anxiety

(b) reliving

(d) survivor guilt

13. What is an "exposure therapy?" Why do such therapies tend to work in the majority of

cases?

14. What is panic disorder?

15. What is agoraphobia? How is it related to panic disorder?

16. What is the cognitive "misinterpretation theory" of panic disorder?

17. What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

18. What is the "dangerous world view" held by many GAD sufferers?

19. What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

20. What explanations were considered in class regarding the sense which (a) obsessions,

and (b) compulsions make? Be sure you understand:

-the relationship between obsessions and compulsions

-the two psychoanalytic theories

-the cognitive-behavioral theory

21. Why, according to the class discussion of his therapy, did Ben F. have a compulsion

to turn off electrical switches?

22. What is conversion disorder?

23. Why, according to psychoanalytic theory, did "Bear" develop a conversion disorder?

24. What is dissociative identity disorder (aka "multiple personality disorder")?

25. What is Bliss' explanation for dissociative identity disorder?

BOOK AND READING PART (revised 1/16)

Reading: "Psychopathology and Psychotherapy from a Descriptive Psychological

point of view"

1. According to Bergner, what are the advantages of the stated definition of "psychopathology"?

Phobias (Chapter 5)

2. Name and be able to explain the 2 major ways, according to behavioral theorists, for

acquiring phobias.

3. What is "preparedness," and how does it relate to the behavioral-evolutionary explanation

of phobias?

4. What is the primary type of treatment used for specific phobias stressed in the text? Name

two different subtypes of this treatment.

5. What is social anxiety disorder? What is thought to cause it?

6. Which therapies are used to treat social anxiety disorder? Which generally work the best?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (section of Chapter 6)

7. What is the relationship between PTSD and acute stress disorder?

8. Name three common symptoms of PTSD

9. What are some environmental triggers of PTSD?

10. Name four factors that create a predisposition to develop PTSD in certain individuals.

11. What is "EMDR"? When used for combat veterans, is EMDR effective by itself?

12. What is psychological debriefing? Does research support its effectiveness?

Panic Disorder (Chapter 5)

13. What are the symptoms of panic disorder as described in DSM-5? Which phobia often

accompanies it?

14. What is "anxiety sensitivity" and how does it relate to panic disorder?

15. What drugs are often used to treat panic disorder? What neurotransmitter does each

drug affect have on what neurotransmitter?

16. What is the biological challenge test? What is the theory behind this procedure?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Chapter 5)

17. According to the sociocultural perspective, what causes GAD? What is one of the most

powerful societal stressors that can cause GAD?

18. What is the basic "maladaptive assumption" cognitive perspective on the cause of GAD?

Based on this, what is a type of therapy used to treat GAD?

19. Among the "new wave" cognitive theories, what is the metacognitive theory of GAD?

20. Among the "new wave" cognitive theories, what is the "intolerance of uncertainty"

theory of GAD?

21. What is the family pedigree study? What are its flaws?

22. What is biofeedback and how does it work?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Chapter 5)

23. What is an obsession? What is a compulsion? What are the different forms of obsessions

and of compulsions?

24. Behaviorists use an approach to OCD called "exposure and response prevention".

What is this approach?

25. What is the relationship between behavioral and cognitive treatments of OCD?

Which generally works best, behavioral, cognitive, or a combination?

26. The biological approach mentioned two important research findings for the

causes of OCD. What are these findings?

Disorders Focusing on Somatic and Dissociative (Chapter 10)

27. What is the main difference between hysterical conversion disorder and

psychophysiological (or "psychosomatic") disorder?

28. Name the 5 types of disorders focusing on somatic symptoms? How are they different?

29. In psychodynamic theory, what is the difference between a primary and a

secondary gain when it comes to conversion disorder?

30. What is the Western bias about somatization? How do other cultures

view somatization?

Dissociative Disorders (Chapter 6)

31. What is a dissociative disorder?

32. What is dissociative fugue?

33. How common is dissociative identity disorder ("DID"; aka "multiple personality disorder")? Has

this number increased, decreased, or remained constant over the years. Why might

this be?

34. What is state dependent learning, and what might cause it?

35. When therapists treat DID, what are the 3 different areas they focus on?

36. What is depersonalization disorder

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STUDY GUIDES FOR TEST #2

LECTURE PART

1. What are psycho (aka "psychosomatic") disorders? What is the difference

between a psychophysiological and a conversion disorder?

2. What is the diathesis-stress model?

3. Is it possible to have a psychosomatic disorder without any diathesis?

4. What are Worden's four tasks of mourning? Be able to explain what each task

is about. When does Worden say that mourning is completed?

5. What are the symptoms of depression?

6. What distinguishes unipolar from bipolar depression?

7. The leading biological theories of depression stress factors having to do with

brain chemistry. What biochemical factors are stressed by these theories?

8. What evidence supports the general position that depression is primarily due

to biological factors?

9. What is the ABC diagram presented in class basically saying about

what causes emotions?

10. According to Beck's theory, what sorts of early experiences

are often involved in persons later being prone to depression?

11. According to Beck, what is a "schema?"

12. According to Beck, what sorts of faulty information

processing do depressed persons usually engage in?

13. According to Beck, a person may be going along fine in

life, but then certain experiences will trigger a

depression? What is there about these experiences that

will cause them to have this effect?

14. According to Seligman's learned helplessness theory, what

basically causes depression?

15. According to Seligman, what is the "insidious attributional

style?" Why, if you had such a style, would it be likely

that you would feel especially bad after a negative life

experience (e.g., a break-up)? Why might you not feel

any better about yourself after a success experience?

16. According to psychoanalytic theory, what causes depression?

17. In their research, what biological change did Weiss and Wu observe

in animals who had learned helplessness? What does this

suggest about the respective roles of biological and

psychological factors in the causation of depression?

18. What symptoms of mania were cited in class?

19. What is the standard or most popular (but not necessarily

correct) view today of what causes mania?

20. According to Wechsler's theory, what sort of events trigger manic

episodes? How does the manic person respond to such

events in such a way that he or she becomes manic?

21. Know and understand the following from Shneidman's

theory of suicide:

The common stimulus for suicide is________.

The common stressor for suicide is________.

The common purpose in suicide is________.

The common internal attitude in suicide is________.

The common cognitive style in suicide is________.

22. According to Kirsch's theory of suicide, what is the explanation for

why people make suicide attempts?

23. Why speak of "the schizophrenias" rather than "schizophrenia"?

24. What alternative interpretation is there to the position that schizophrenic

thought is actually disordered? Related to this, what is the point of the

“Francis Gary Powers” story told in lecture?

25. What is a delusion? What is a delusion of influence? Of grandeur? Of reference?

Of persecution?

26. What are Type I and Type II schizophrenias?

27. According to Bergner's theory, what sense do paranoid delusions make?

BOOK AND READING PART (revised 3/2/16)

Psychophysiological Disorders (Chapter 10)

1. What are psychophysiological (aka psychosomatic) disorders? How do they differ from conversion disorders?

2. What specific psychophysiological disorders were discussed by Comer?

3. Which biological system, when defective, is believed to contribute to the development of psychophysiological disorders?

4 What is the difference between Type A and Type B personality? Which type is linked with coronary heart disease? Which specific elements in one of these two personality types might be most related to heart disease?

5. What is the focus of the area of study known as psychoneuroimmunology?

6. What hormones and neurotransmitters affect the immune system?

7. What is the central finding of Holmes and Rahe's research on life changes that persons undergo?

8. In General, what factors influence whether stress will result in a slowdown of the immune system?

9. What is behavioral medicine?

10. Name three different psychological treatments for physical disorders? What kind of treatment is helpful for Type A behavior?

Mood Disorders / Depression (sections on unipolar depression in Chapters 7 and 8)

11. How is clinical depression different from normal dejection?

12. List the different categories of depression symptoms.

13. Which neurotransmitter chemicals are strongly linked to unipolar depression?

14. What is post partum depression? Why do some women not seek help for this illness? What are some effective treatments?

15. According to behaviorists, what causes unipolar depression?

16. Name the three targets of negative thinking according to the cognitive triad.

17. How does learned helplessness relate to unipolar depression?

18. How are the symptoms of depression different in non-Western countries

19. What is the ratio of men to women who suffer from depression? What are different theories used to explain this ratio? Is there an accepted theory?

20. Despite a lack of empirical evidence for its effectiveness, what type of treatment is still widely used for unipolar depression?

21. Identify the four phases of cognitive therapy.

22. How effective is ECT? What are some of the potential risks associate with it?

23. Which type of drugs are often utilized for depression? Do they work for everyone?

24. According to your text, which types of treatment are most effective in reducing

depressive symptoms?

25. How much relapse occurs after cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal

therapies?

Bipolar Disorder (Chapters 7 and 8; sections on bipolar disorder)

26. How do bipolar I and bipolar II differ?

27. What is cyclothymic disorder?

28. What role do ions play in causing bipolar disorder?

29. What type of drugs are prescribed for bipolar disorder? Name one example.

30. What is the major problem with just using drugs to cure bipolar disorder? What

Suicide (Chapter 9)

31. What is parasuicide?

32. According to Shneidman, what are the four kinds of people who intentionally end

33. What is subintentional death?

34. Which types of behavior predict suicidal attempts? What name for these behaviors has been proposed as a future diagnosis in revisions of the DSM 5?

35. What are the two primary ways suicide is studied in clinical research?

36. Between men and women, who is more likely to attempt suicide? Who is more likely to succeed in a suicidal attempt?

37. What impact do friends and family have on whether or not a person commits suicide?

38. List three common triggering events for suicide.

39. What does it mean to say that a suicidal person has "dichotomous thinking" with

respect to their problem?

40. Which mental disorders do suicidal individuals often display?

41. Which 4 types of people are common sources of models of suicide that teens may copy?

42. What is Durkheim's theory on the cause of suicide? What are his 3 categories of suicide and how is each defined?

43. In general, what is the association between suicide and age?

44. Among teenagers, which ethnic group has the highest suicide rate?

45. Why is the suicide rate higher for elderly people compared to younger individuals?

46. What are the two major categories for suicide treatment?

Schizophrenia (Chapters 14 and 15)

47. What is "psychosis"?

48. Name the three major categories of schizophrenia symptoms. How do they differ?

49. What are delusions? Name two different types of delusions.

50. Differentiate between a delusion and a hallucination.

51. How does the dopamine hypothesis explain the cause schizophrenia? What is the problem with this hypothesis?

52. According to psychodynamic theory, what is a "schizophrenogenic mother"? How much does research support this concept?

53. According to sociocultural views, what is a potential danger in labeling someone as schizophrenic?

54. How do the rates of remission of schizophrenics compare between developed and developing countries? What are some possible explanations for this?

55. What effect has milieu therapy have on institutional care?

56. What is a token economy?

57. How did antipsychotic drugs revolutionize treatment for schizophrenia?

58. What are some of the extrapyramidal effects caused by neuroleptic drugs?

59. According to your text, what are the most helpful forms of psychotherapy for schizophrenia.

60. In relation to hallucinations, what is a critical drawback of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

61. What are halfway homes? What does research indicate about their effectiveness?

62. Describe some of the consequences of having an inadequate community treatment.

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STUDY GUIDES TEST #3

LECTURE PART

1. What do all sexual disorders have in common--this something may be regarded as the

defining characteristic of sexual disorder?

2. What are "sexual dysfunctions" (be sure to distinguish this from the more general term,

"sexual disorder")?

3. What are the varieties of sexual dysfunction that were mentioned in class?

Be able to define each.

4. What psychological causes of sexual dysfunction were mentioned in class?

5. According to the article, "Sexual misunderstanding," discussed at length in lecture, what

is the common difference between men and women in the significance they attach to

the act of sexual intercourse? How can this difference lead to problems in their

relationship?

6. What is a "paraphilia?" Be able to define the varieties of this mentioned in class.

7. Can classical conditioning theory explain paraphilia completely? Partially? At all?

8. How does John Money, in his famous "Lovemap Theory", explain paraphilia?

9. How does Bergner, in his amendment to Money's theory, explain paraphilia?

10. What four general criteria are used to determine the severity of an individual's

substance use disorder?

11. What very general theory was advocated in lecture as to the nature of the inherited

factor in alcoholism?

12. What effects of alcohol were mentioned in class that make it an attractive drug for most

people, but in the bargain also make it attractive for some people to abuse?

13. What is the "endorphin compensation hypothesis?"

14. What was the primary theory advanced in class regarding why Jonathan B. drank?

15. What, if any, role might Jonathan's wife have played in his drinking?

16. What are the primary characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder?

17. What is Freud's definition of the term "narcissism"?

18. What is Kernberg's explanation for why the narcissist is so addicted to the attention,

praise, and admiration of other persons?

19. What is Kernberg's explanation for why narcissists are unable to love other persons?

20. What is Kernberg's explanation for the "love ‘em and leave em" pattern characteristic

of narcissists?

21. What is antisocial personality disorder?

22. How does Shapiro in his "short circuit theory" explain why the impulsive psychopath

behaves as he or she does?

23. How does Bergner's theory explain why the impulsive psychopath behaves as s/he does?

BOOK AND READING PART (revised 4/16)

Sexual Misunderstanding: A Descriptive and Pragmatic Formulation

1. According to this article, how do many men and women differ in their views of sexual

intercourse?

2. In the pattern described in the "Sexual Misunderstanding" article, how does this

difference lead to problems?

Chapter 13 Sexual Dysfunctions and Treatment

3. What are the four phases of human sexual response, and which phases does sexual dysfunction

affect?

4. What is a disorder of desire that affects men? that affects women?

5. What medication/drugs affect sexual desire? How do they affect it?

6. What physiological response is caused by medications (e.g., Viagra) for erectile dysfunction?

7. What sociocultural factors can lead to desire and erectile disorder?

8. What are voyeurism and frotteurism?

9. What type of behavior was once considered a paraphilia but not any longer?

10. Because definitions of paraphilias are heavily influenced by societal norms, what do

some clinicians believe about how paraphilias should be viewed?

11. What are some explanations for the origins of gender identity disorder?

12. What hormones may affect sexual desire?

13. What sexual problems are common in victims of sexual abuse?

14. What are the components of Carlos Domera's sex therapy?

15. What are the behavioral treatments for fetishism?

16. According to Carroll (2007), what are the three patterns of gender identity disorder for

which individuals commonly seek treatment?

17. What are some reasons for and against sexual reassignment as a treatment for gender

identity disorder?

Chapter 12 Substance Abuse Disorders

18. What are the most widely used depressants?

19. Why do woman become more intoxicated than men on equal doses of alcohol?

20. Are rates of “sobering up” or metabolizing alcohol the same in all individuals? Why?

21. What are the only things that can help a person sober up?

22. What are some common withdrawal symptoms?

23. What does research indicate about teaching controlled drinking versus abstinence when

treating alcoholism?

24. What is involved in psychodynamic therapy for substance abuse? Has it been found to

be effective?

25. How does aversion therapy work to combat drug addiction?

26. What are the 4 categories into which the different substances that people misuse fall into?

How do they differ?

27. What ethnic group tends to display the highest rates of alcohol abuse and dependence?

28. How much alcohol must be consumed in order for the occasion to be considered a binge-

drinking episode? What have statistics shown about the change in frequency of binge-

drinking? Who is more likely to do it?

29. How does alcohol affect the neurotransmitter GABA?

30. What do MRI scans reveal about the brains of chronic drinkers?

31. According to the “Psych Watch” section on p. 386, which students are most likely to binge-

drink?

32. What is cirrhosis? How does alcoholism contribute to this condition?

33. What are the nutritional problems that excessive drinking may cause?

34. What are some problems associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

35. According to a sociocultural view, what factors may make people more likely to develop

patterns of substance abuse or dependence?

36. According to behaviorists, what process plays a key role in substance

abuse disorders?

37. What is involved in relapse prevention training?

38. How do self-help treatment programs (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous) offer support

to people with alcoholism?

39. Define "tolerance" as this term is used in connection with substance abuse.

40. What is cross tolerance?

Chapter 16 Personality Disorders

41. What childhood disorders often lead to the development of antisocial personality disorder?

42. Briefly describe the characteristics of the following personality disorders: Paranoid,

Schizoid, Borderline, Histrionic, and Obsessive-Compulsive.

43. What is the “Big Five”? How can this model be used as an alternative to the

categorical approach of diagnosing personality disorders?

44. What are some explanations regarding why people with antisocial personality disorder

are more prone to substance abuse?

45. What neurotransmitter abnormality may be a causal factor in antisocial personality disorder?

46. Why are treatments for antisocial personality disorder ineffective?

47. What are some common occurrences in the childhoods of people with

borderline personality disorder?

48. What is involved in the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder?

49. People with which personality disorder are most likely to seek treatment on their own?

50. Why are persons with narcissistic personality disorder difficult to treat?

51. What are some problems with the DSM categories of personality disorders? What

is an alternative conceptualization of personality disorders discussed in the text?

52. What adolescent behaviors are usually linked with persons later developing

antisocial personality disorder?

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STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL LECTURES

1. What is the attitude of Emotional Intelligence advocates towards the idea that

we should listen to our feelings and let them be our ultimate guide in choosing

our actions?

2. Among the different elements that go into Emotional Intelligence, what key idea was

stressed in class?

3. How would an Emotional Intelligence theorist respond to a person who

said that, "When you are angry, it is important not to dam it up, but

to let that anger out."

4. What are the characteristics of bulimia?

5. According to Marshall's theory of bulimia, what are the characteristic of an ideal

pattern of parenting?

6. According to Marshall, what are the characteristics of the typical pattern of parenting

experienced by bulimics growing up?

7. According to Marshall, what is the destructive cycle that bulimic individuals are caught up in?

8. According to Bergner's definition, what is self-esteem?

9. What are the primary consequences of a person having low self-esteem?

10. What are three patterns of self-criticism that cause persons to have low self-esteem?

11. According to Bergner, what are the different steps in therapy for persons

suffering from low self-esteem?